Collagen Serum

Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant that helps to neutralize free radicals in the skin. These free radicals are generated by environmental stressors like UV radiation and pollution, which contribute to premature aging. By neutralizing these harmful molecules, vitamin C helps to prevent oxidative damage to the skin, thereby reducing signs of aging such as fine lines and wrinkles.

Another significant benefit of vitamin C is its role in collagen production. Collagen is a key protein that gives the skin its structure and firmness. As an essential cofactor for collagen biosynthesis, vitamin C helps to maintain skin elasticity and can aid in wound healing and the reduction of scars.

Vitamin C is also known for its skin-brightening properties. It helps to inhibit the enzyme tyrosinase, which is involved in melanin production. By reducing melanin formation, vitamin C can help to lighten hyperpigmentation and even out skin tone, leading to a brighter and more radiant complexion.

Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate is a stable, oil-soluble form of vitamin C. Unlike ascorbic acid, which is water-soluble and can be unstable in certain formulations, tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate is more stable and can penetrate the skin more effectively due to its lipid-soluble nature. This allows it to reach the deeper layers of the skin where it can stimulate collagen production and provide antioxidant protection.

Physiological Effects

1. Antioxidant Properties: Powerful antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals caused by UV radiation and pollution, preventing oxidative stress and damage to the skin.
2. Collagen Synthesis: It plays a crucial role in collagen synthesis, aiding in maintaining skin firmness and elasticity, and reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Skin Brightening: Effective in reducing hyperpigmentation and evening out skin tone by inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase, which is responsible for melanin production.
4. Photoprotection: While not a sunscreen, it provides photoprotection by neutralizing free radicals induced by UV exposure.

THD Specific benefits

1. Stable form of Vitamin C: Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate is a more stable, lipid-soluble form of vitamin C, allowing for better skin penetration and less irritation compared to other forms.
2. Enhanced Collagen Production: It has been shown to stimulate collagen production more effectively than ascorbic acid, aiding in anti-aging and skin rejuvenation.
3. Hydration and Barrier Function: Due to its lipid-soluble nature, it helps in enhancing skin hydration and reinforcing the skin barrier.

Role in Managing Dermatological Skin Conditions

• Skin Aging: Reduce signs of aging and improve skin texture.
• Hyperpigmentation: Effective in treating hyperpigmentation, sun spots, and melasma.
• Sun Damage: Help in mitigating the effects of sun damage and providing some level of photoprotection.
• General Skin Health: Both forms can improve overall skin health by boosting collagen production and providing antioxidant protection.

References

• Pullar, J. M., et al. (2017). The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients.
• Murray, J. C., et al. (2008). A Topical Antioxidant Solution Containing Vitamins C and E Stabilized by Ferulic Acid Provides Protection for Human Skin Against Damage Caused by Ultraviolet Irradiation. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.
• Al-Niaimi, F., & Chiang, N. Y. Z. (2017). Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology.

Hyaluronic acid (HA), is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found throughout the body's connective, epithelial, and neural tissues. Most abundantly present in the skin, eyes, and synovial fluid, HA is renowned for its exceptional capacity to retain moisture — a single gram can hold up to six liters of water.

In skincare, the primary appeal of hyaluronic acid lies in its unparalleled hydrating abilities. As a humectant, HA attracts and retains moisture from the environment, thereby providing intense hydration to the skin. This hydrating property contributes significantly to maintaining skin plumpness, suppleness, and elasticity.

Beyond hydration, hyaluronic acid also plays a vital role in skin repair and regeneration. It supports the skin's healing and repair processes, and its anti-inflammatory properties make it beneficial in calming irritated skin. Moreover, HA's ability to promote the production of collagen, a crucial protein for skin elasticity, further underscores its anti-aging benefits.

The molecular size of hyaluronic acid influences its skin penetration and efficacy. High molecular weight HA remains on the skin's surface, providing hydration and forming a barrier against moisture loss. In contrast, low molecular weight HA penetrates deeper into the skin's layers, offering more profound hydrating and rejuvenating effects.

Hyaluronic acid's remarkable ability to hydrate, improve skin elasticity, aid in wound healing, and provide antioxidant protection makes it a valuable component in managing a variety of dermatological conditions, particularly those related to aging, dryness, and sensitive skin.

Physiological Effects of Hyaluronic acid

1. Hydration: Hyaluronic acid is a powerful humectant that can hold up to 1000 times its weight in water, significantly enhancing skin hydration and leading to plumper, more hydrated skin.
2. Skin Elasticity and Wrinkle Reduction: By increasing skin moisture, it improves skin elasticity, reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and gives the skin a more youthful appearance.
3. Wound Healing: It plays a role in wound healing due to its ability to regulate inflammation levels and signal the body to build more blood vessels in the damaged area.
4. Barrier Enhancement: Hyaluronic acid helps reinforce the skin's natural barriers, protecting against environmental factors and retaining moisture.
5. Antioxidant Properties: It provides antioxidant defense against free-radical damage from the sun and pollution.

Role in Managing Dermatological Conditions

1. Aging Skin: Its ability to reduce wrinkles and improve skin elasticity makes it popular in anti-aging skincare products.
2. Dry Skin: Hyaluronic acid is beneficial in treating dry skin conditions by providing intense hydration.
3. Wound Care: Its role in wound healing is leveraged in post-procedure care, such as after laser treatments, and in healing minor cuts and abrasions.
4. Acne Scars: It can help in the treatment of acne scars by promoting skin regeneration and reducing inflammation.
5. Sensitive Skin: Due to its gentle nature, hyaluronic acid is suitable for sensitive skin, providing hydration without causing irritation.

References

• Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology.
• Jegasothy, S. M., Zabolotniaia, V., & Bielfeldt, S. (2014). Efficacy of a new topical nano-hyaluronic acid in humans. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology.
• Wollina, U., & Abdel-Naser, M. B. (2019). Hyaluronic acid in the treatment and prevention of skin diseases: Molecular biological, pharmaceutical and clinical aspects. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology.

Niacinamide offers several benefits for the skin, primarily due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It reduces the redness and inflammation associated with acne, rosacea, and other inflammatory skin conditions. Additionally, niacinamide's ability to improve the skin's barrier function benefits all skin types, particularly those with eczema or mature skin.

Another significant benefit of niacinamide is its role in reducing hyperpigmentation. Studies have shown that it can decrease the transfer of melanin to the epidermis, helping to fade dark spots and even out skin tone.

Niacinamide also plays a role in reducing the visible signs of aging. It has been found to stimulate collagen production and improve skin elasticity, reducing fine lines and wrinkles. Its antioxidant properties further protect the skin from environmental damage, such as pollution and UV radiation, which contribute to premature aging.

The efficacy of niacinamide and its ability to address multiple skin concerns simultaneously has led to its growing popularity in both over-the-counter and prescription skincare formulations.

An active ingredient made from the combination of 3 powerful actives with extraordinary benefits for the skin:

• Honey Extract
• Marine native Collagen 
• Marine Hydrolyzed Elastin

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Honey Extract

• Provides natural moisturising factor analogue substances to skin cells.
• It also provides the skin with components with a vital capacity for hydro-retention and hydro-regulation.
• Mechanisms of action on skin cells include antioxidant activity and the induction of cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinase expression.

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Marine native Collagen

• Native Collagen has a high molecular weight, that leaves a protective film on the skin with tensor effects and remarkable moisturizing capabilities.

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Marine Hydrolyzed Elastin

• Provide nutrients and amino acids that the fibroblasts (type of skin cell) will use to produce new fibres of elastin and collagen.
• It contains the peptides and amino acids of elastin: Aspartic Acid, Theorine, Serine, Glutamic Acid, Proline, Glycine, Lysine, and Arginine.

It is a complete active ingredient from which the skin will get substances to nourish, increase its moisture, get external protection against damaging substances, and decrease its wrinkles.